This duty includes setting up a factory to manufacture scales and weighing scales, and to set up a factory to manufacture scales, weighing scales, etc.
.jpg "Kautilya Arthasastra Pautavakakal (Superintendent of Scales and Weighing Scales)")
The scales and weighing scales, etc., should be inspected and tested every month. Those officials who do not get these inspected on time should be punished.
Kautilya Arthasastra Pautavakakal (Superintendent of Scales and Weighing Scales)
Desh Kal Man Vipsar
The Manapakakal should have the knowledge of time in the country. When eight atoms come together, a dust cloud, i.e., a rajakanar, is produced on the wheels of a chariot. Eight rajakanars together make one likha, eight likhas together make one yakham, eight yakham together make one javham and eight javham together make one finger. The combination of the fingers of the villager is called Dhanugraha, the combination of eight fingers is called Dhanurmusti, the combination of twelve fingers is called Vitapti or Sogaria Puru, the combination of fourteen fingers is called Sama, Shala, Parikaya or Pada. The meaning of two Vitasti is that one hand of Prajapati is held. If the fingers of Prajapati are joined together, one hand of 24 fingers is considered to be a hand.
The 'danda' of six kams or one hundred and fifty-five fingers is used in the measurement of the land given to the Brahmins. This 'danda' is considered to be a rope, a parida of two ropes and a nivartana of three ropes. Adding two danas to this nivartana makes one arm. The proof of two thousand bows is one cowra - one cross, and one yojan distance of a cowra is considered to be one yojan distance.
Time
There are 17 divisions of time: Tut, Laba, Nimeseta, Tharutha, Kala, Nadika, Muhurta, Eastern part of the day, Northern part of the day, Day, Night, Palkha, Month, Season, Ayana, Year and Yuga. A Tut is one-fourth, two Tuts together make a Laba, two Labas together make a Nimeseta, five Nimesera together make a Tharu, thirty Tharu together make a Kala and forty Kalas together make a Nadika.
Kautilya Arthasastra Pautavakakal (Superintendent of Scales and Weighing Scales)
Other measurements of Nadika are – a Kalashiyar Subarna Masa in one Kalsi and a large cut the size of a Kalashiyar finger and fill it with an Adk
Kautilya Arthasastra
The time when the water comes out is called Nadika. When two Nadis coincide, there is a Muhurag, when fifteen Muhurbhas coincide, there is a day, and when fifteen Muhurbhas coincide, there is a night. But in the months of Chaitra and Ashwin, the days and nights are equal, so this period remains exactly the same. After that, the duration of day and night is less or equal for six months.
One Pasha occurs in 15 Ahoratras. The Pasha during the waxing moon period is called Shukla Pasha and the Pasha during the waning moon period is called Krishna Pasha. The Pasha of the two Pashas constitutes a month or a Prakrama month of 30 Ahoratras. A solar month is formed in thirty and a half days and a Prakrama month in half Ahoratra. When there are 27 Nakshatras, there is a Nakshatra month of 27 Ahoratras and a Malamaas of 32 Ahoratras. The Pasha of the two months constitutes a season. The months of Shravan and Bhadra are called the rainy season. The months of Ashwin and Karshik are called Sharad, Margashir and Pausha are called Hemanta, Magha and Phalguna are called Shishir, Chaitra and Baisakh are called Basant and Zarjati and Asadha are called Garam Kala. Shishir, Basant and Samhaat are called Uttarayan and Varja Sharad and Hemanta are called Sukkayan. The combination of these two Ayans makes one year and one Yuga in five years.
The sun subtracts one part from the same part of the day. Thus, it increases the 15 hours and nights of the 30 months that have been increased by one day in one week. But in this way, the moon always reduces one part of the same part of the day and reduces one day in two months, due to which 15 days are reduced in the 30 months. According to this, after two and a half years, the first Adhumas in the month etc. and after five years, the second Adhumas in the month Shravan etc. are performed by the Sun and Moon.
Those who collect toll tax etc. are called Shuklachakal. The toll booth should be very large.
The rules for collecting the toll of Antapala - one pan for cattle, half pan for cattle etc., one-fourth pan for small animals etc., and one masaka for people carrying burdens. If any thing of anyone is lost or damaged on the way, then they should be remedied.
Kautilya Arthashastra
The tax usage that determines how much duty will be levied on an item is called duty usage. Duty usage is of three types - external, internal and internal. Duty levied on goods produced in the country is external, duty levied in the capital is internal and duty imposed on foreign goods is internal.
Duties of a Weaver
The owner of a good and fine weaver is called a weaver. The weaver gets skilled craftsmen to make yarn, cloth and rope for his own use. Some of the good quality cotton, linen, silk, and coarse silk are prepared for widows, the disabled, orphans, monks, criminals, old women in brothels, old maids of the king, and the goddesses who have been expelled from the temple. The remuneration for preparing the cotton is fixed according to its quality. After this, those who have produced the cotton should be given oil, amla, lep, etc. So that they will work with concentration. They should be satisfied with alms during festivals and celebrations.
Factories should be established for the manufacture of cotton, cotton, cream, rakab, and linen. The artisans working there should be encouraged in the same way as the artisans who produce cotton. Women who do not go out of the house, those who are widowed or disabled, and unmarried women who live at home, who earn their living from their own earnings, should be given the job of spinning and weaving.
In between, the spinning master can only talk to the women who have exchanged yarn from the spinning room.
Sitadhayaksha
The work of ploughing with a plough is called Sita. The chief officer of this agricultural work is called Sitadhayaksha.
Kautilya Arthashastra
The Sita Dhaksha should have sufficient knowledge of the science of agriculture, the science of flowers, and the science of vegetation. The proper course of action for the wise and virtuous, who are well versed in these sciences, is to collect various types of bread, flowers, fruits, vegetables, tubers, and seeds of cotton at the right time through the laborers. The laborers should plant them properly in the land suitable for cultivation. The Sita Dhaksha should also establish good relations with the carpenters, carpenters, and woodworkers. If any loss occurs to agriculture due to the negligence of the laborers, they should be punished with a fine.
Rainfall estimation
The Sita Dhaksha should prepare rain gauges at various places. If all the tanks made in the forest and in the countryside are filled with sixteen-dons of rain water, then it can be understood that there has been sufficient rain in that province for the production of bread. If there is one and a half times more rain in a waterless region, then it should be considered sufficient.
Jupiter, the planet, is the one who predicts the good and bad of rain.
The position in the zodiac signs, the transit and the aspect of pregnancy, the rising and setting of Venus, the nature of the sun and the influence of the mandala, etc., are the causes of perversion.
After taking the correct information about the rain, the Sita Dhyaksha should sow the seeds so that they grow with more water and less rain water.
In the scriptures, the king is said to be the owner of water and the earth. Therefore, the king has to collect water tax equal to the land tax due from the farmers.
Determination of water tax
Farmers who have grown crops by irrigating their crops from wells or ponds dug by their own efforts will pay one-fifth of the crop to the king as water tax. Farmers who irrigate their crops by drawing water from rivers, ponds, canals or wells will pay a quarter of their crops to the king as water tax, and farmers who irrigate their crops from royal canals will pay a third of their crops to the king as water tax.
Kautilya Arthashastra