Protection of the artisan
Kautilya Arthasastra Patience in times of crisis
A person who oppresses the people is called a hakni. In this, the artisan, that is, a craftsman, is also considered.
The officer who is appointed to protect the people from hakni is called a pradeshta. He will protect the people with the help of three ministers.
A craftsman who is a good character is kept with him and the goods of others are kept. If a craftsman who makes jewelry dies or goes to study abroad, then the association of craftsmen will compensate for the loss. The craftsman who refuses this will be punished. If he does not do the work as instructed or destroys it, it will be a fine.
A washerman uses a special board to wash clothes. If he does the opposite or the clothes are damaged, it will be a fine. Selling, renting out, or keeping the washed clothes in pledge is a punishable offense.
The rules that apply to washermen are also applicable to tailors.
A merchant who buys gold and silver from the lower classes of people like slaves, slaves etc. without informing the goldsmith is an act punishable by fine. Carrying such a contaminated garment is also punishable by law. Pouring gold and silver water on any particular metal is a crime.
Kautilya Arthasastra
The doctor will be punished for causing injury to a sensitive area and for this reason the patient will be in a dangerous condition.
Rules should also be laid down for the nuts, the hawkers and the beggars. The violators of those rules are liable to punishment.
Protection from the hands of traders
The government official who sells goods is called the Sansthachakri. The head of the institution will make arrangements for storing and selling the goods certified by his account in the warehouse. In between, the CA will inspect the weighing instruments of the traders and will give the prescribed punishment to the guilty and delinquent traders. It is a crime to over- or under-weight the goods sold. A trader who passes off his inferior goods as excellent is also a criminal. It is also a crime to sell them by creating a false impression and saying they are excellent.
If the goods of a trader are kept in stock and are bought and sold at an improper price, then this is an act punishable by a fine. Deliberately making mistakes in measurements, mixing counterfeit goods, etc. are punishable offenses.
Divine danger
Humanity is affected by two types of fear – humans and gods. Among these, there are eight types of divine fear – fire, water, hunters, famine, mice, bulls, snakes and demons.
To avoid the fear of fire, if arrangements are made to light a fire outside the house during the hot season, then the fear is reduced. Those living on the banks of the river can move away from the river bank during the rainy season. They can build boats made of wood or bamboo for swimming. People who are floating in the water should be rescued with the help of boats or boats. Not helping in such a situation is a punishable offense.
To save themselves from tigers or any other wild animals, one should fill the body of a dead animal with poisoned poison or poisoned poison, or a hunter should be hired to kill those wild animals. One should help a person from the clutches of a wild animal.
Kautilya Arthashastra
If the fear of snakes arises, it should be remedied. If the fear of demons arises, it should also be remedied. If the fear of a suitable and specific type appears at the same time, both the king and the worshiper should find a way to prevent it.
The king's duty is to show fatherly compassion to the frightened subjects. The king who behaves in this way earns the infinite blood and blessings of the subjects.
Protection from internal fear
The hidden thorns should be found out. For this, spies should be appointed in all public positions by dressing up as skilled, ascetics, ascetics, wheel-wielders, magicians, sorcerers, astrologers, lunatics, mutes, deafs, etc. To keep a special eye on these spies, sub-spies should be appointed. The corrupt behavior of such officials should be found out and appropriate punishment should be given.
Religious councilors, village heads, village heads, false witnesses, false witnesses, acts of subjugation, killing, giving poison, feeding pigs, circulating fake coins and making counterfeit gold, these thirteen types of people are called Gudhavitha. Their evil attitude disturbs the people. Therefore, to keep the people happy, the king should punish all those people according to their crimes or expel them from the kingdom.
Perfect spies
After the work of ordinary spies is completed, the work of perfect spies begins. They succeed in catching criminals in the open with the influence of their art and knowledge.
After catching such criminals, the society should make them appear among the people and make the people aware that there is a system of surveillance against them. Therefore, the plight of the one who surrounds them is this.
Kautilya Arthashastra
Suspicious Situation
If skilled detectives are not successful in their work, then they can catch the criminal on suspicion. In this kind of situation, all those people will be caught – those whose money, family or livelihood is constantly decreasing and whose income is less or more. Those who give false information about their name and business in the country, caste, tribe, who work in hiding, those who are special lovers of meat-temple, food-food-perfume-garlands-clothes-decorations, those who are extravagant, who are prostitutes, who have relations with drunkards-drunkards, those who roam in solitude, those who use their eyes to deceive others, those who always stay at home, those who return immediately after seeing someone in front of them, those who are in the company of women, those who use tools related to robbery-robbery, those who move around in the middle of the night, those who hide their real identity and always remain in fear, etc. It is natural to be suspicious of such people.
Information about any item being stolen or damaged should be provided to the seller of that item. If a merchant keeps the thing with greed after getting it, then he is a thief. No merchant should buy or sell any old thing without informing the head of the institution. The person who brought the thing should be given the merchant's attention for identification. If any mistake is proved in it, then the accused should be presented before the officer.
Ashumrutka examination
The dead body of such a person is immersed in oil and examined. If the excrement and urine have come out, the stomach is full of air, the hands and feet are swollen or there is any mark on the throat, etc., then it should be understood that the person was killed by strangulation.
If someone's hands and knees are tied, then it should be understood that the person died by running over the throat. If the eyes are swollen, the tongue is cut, the stomach is swollen, it should be understood that the person died by drowning. If the body is covered in blood and the limbs are torn or cut, it is to be understood that he was killed by beating with sticks and stones.
Kautilya Arthashastra